Republican senator, who died Saturday, had a global reach few could rival and was vital in shaping Trump’s worldview

It was revealing that one of the first tributes to Lindsey Graham, a US senator who died on Saturday aged 71, came from Itamar Ben-Gvir, Israel’s national security minister, a far-right provocateur who recently caused widespread anger by sharing footage of himself taunting bound activists who had been trying to sail to Gaza with aid.

Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli prime minister, was not far behind, calling Graham a “great friend of Israel and a cherished friend of mine”, and he was quickly followed by Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who described him as “a true defender of freedom and the values that make our world safer”.

Long-serving South Carolina Republican senator who was an ally of Donald Trump and an ardent supporter of Ukraine

Lindsey Graham, the Republican senator from South Carolina, who has died suddenly aged 71, had just returned from Kyiv after a meeting with the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. It was Graham’s 10th visit since the 2022 Russian invasion; Zelenskyy, who came away with promises of the aid that had been on and off with the Trump administration, called him a “true defender of freedom”.

It was a good demonstration of both Graham’s firm stance on US power overseas, and his opposition to Russia. “Putin will not stop in Ukraine,” he said. “To be weak in Ukraine means you lose in Taiwan.”

Trump says US senator was ‘a true American patriot’ while Zelenskyy says he’s ‘deeply saddened’ by his death

• Graham’s death triggers a scramble to replace him – what happens next?

• Lindsey Graham dies after sudden illness aged 71

Washington woke up to the unexpected death of Republican senator Lindsey Graham, 71, who changed the course of modern history with his hawkish Iran platform and key role in establishing the stridently conservative US supreme court.

Donald Trump was one of the first to pay tribute to the controversial South Carolina lawmaker, a close ally despite past differences, in a social media post. “Senator Lindsey Graham, one of the greatest people and Senators I have ever known, is dead!” the president wrote on his Truth Social platform. “He was always working, and was a true American Patriot. Lindsey will be greatly missed!!! DETAILS AND ARRANGEMENTS TO FOLLOW. So sad!”

Trump later told NBC’s Meet the Press on Sunday that one of Graham’s legacies as a legislator was helping to confirm US supreme court justice Brett Kavanaugh in 2018.

Ukraine wants the search for Volhynia victims to move faster, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in an address on 11 July, the day Poland marks its national remembrance of the 1943–1945 killings. Exhumations begin in two days at the sites of the destroyed villages of Ostrivky and Volia Ostrovetska in Volyn Oblast, he said, and Ukraine has an interest in accelerating the work.

That is the one concession Warsaw has demanded for a decade, and it is arriving in the worst week for it. Ukraine is handing over the bones while Poland's president spends the same day arguing about a flag—and the two governments are no longer saying the same thing to each other.

What starts on 13 July

The work at Ostrivky and Volia Ostrovetska will run from 13 July to 7 August, the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance announced on 10 July. Both villages were attacked on the night of 28–29 August 1943; neither exists today.

Search teams worked the same ground from 20 April to 1 May this year, and Polish archaeologists reported finding a previously unknown mass grave near the old Strazhytsia farmstead. They estimated it may hold the remains of about 350 people, RMF24 reported. This week's work turns that survey into exhumation and reburial.

Ukraine imposed a moratorium on Polish search work in 2017 after Ukrainian memorials in Poland were vandalized. It was lifted in 2025. The exhumations are the substantive half of the Polish-Ukrainian memory dispute—and the half that has kept moving while everything above it broke down.

The rest of the day

Zelenskyy framed the anniversary around the present war, saying Ukraine and Poland now face one shared and mortal threat to their independence, and that it is called Russia. Speaking about the past, he said, must not put the future of either nation in doubt. Ukraine's ambassador to Poland, Vasyl Bodnar, knelt at the victims' memorial in Warsaw during a wreath-laying.

Poland's answer came in two registers. Prime Minister Donald Tusk said memory cannot be an instrument of hatred and called for solidarity built on truth, memory, and hope. Defense Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, who attended commemorations in the Ukrainian town of Olyka, warned against a "spiral of hatred."

President Karol Nawrocki, speaking in the border village of Radruż, called on parliament to ban the red-and-black UPA flag in Poland by law. He said he blames not Ukrainians but what he called the Bandera ideology, and that turning a blind eye to genocide invites a new one. He also compared the death of a 14-year-old Polish girl at Radruż to the deaths of 14-year-old Ukrainians killed by Russia today.

Ukraine's Foreign Ministry, in its statement for the day, said the two countries share the pain and share the enemy, proposed reviving the Ukrainian-Polish Forum of Historians, and asked that the exhumation work continue without politicization.

Why the flag, why now

The dispute traces to Decree 440/2026 of 26 May, in which Zelenskyy granted the honorary title "Heroes of the UPA" to the Separate Center of Special Operations "Pivnich." Nawrocki stripped him of the Order of the White Eagle on 19 June; Zelenskyy mailed it back; three former Ukrainian presidents renounced their own.

A march is expected in Warsaw on 12 July, organized by Grzegorz Braun's Confederation of the Polish Crown—a party outside the Confederation grouping that sits in the Sejm.

Ukrainian historian Yaroslav Hrytsak, speaking on Suspilne, placed Volhynia inside a chain of violence rather than at its start: the 1938 revindication campaign, Soviet rule, German occupation, the Holocaust. The chain did not end in 1943 either, he said—it ended with Operation Vistula, the Polish communist deportation of Ukrainians from the country's southeast, which historians agree was ethnic cleansing with genocidal motives.

Ukraine's Institute of National Remembrance puts the identified dead at roughly 30,000 Poles and 10,000 Ukrainians. Poland's institute estimates up to 100,000 Poles killed. Warsaw's parliament has declared the killings a genocide; Kyiv has not.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has announced the creation of a dedicated long-range strike command and new Joint Rapid Reaction Forces as part of a broader restructuring of Ukraine's Armed Forces aimed at increasing battlefield flexibility and deepening strikes against Russia.

In an evening address on 10 July, Zelenskyy said he had signed a decree establishing a new command responsible for coordinating Ukraine's long-range strike capabilities, describing it as a command for "global" impact on Russia's war effort. The president said the formation would concentrate all available resources to further reduce Russia's ability to wage war.

"The command must focus 100% of the available resources to further reduce Russia's war potential," Zelenskyy said, adding that it would be led by "a strong and highly experienced commander."

New command formalizes long-range strike campaign

The move comes as Ukraine rapidly expands its deep- and intermediate-range strike campaigns against military, logistics, and energy targets inside Russia and across occupied territories.

Over recent months, Ukrainian forces have intensified attacks on oil refineries, fuel depots, ammunition storage sites, command centers, air defense systems, and transport infrastructure supporting Russia's invasion. 

Ukraine has also stepped up strikes against maritime logistics in the Sea of Azov, targeting vessels transporting fuel and supplies to occupied Crimea.

The campaign aims to degrade Russia's ability to sustain frontline operations by disrupting the fuel, logistics, command, and industrial infrastructure underpinning its war effort, while forcing Moscow to divert resources to defend targets far from the battlefield.

The creation of a dedicated command suggests Kyiv is institutionalizing those capabilities as a distinct operational branch within the Armed Forces, reflecting the growing strategic role of long-range precision strikes in Ukraine's defense.

Rapid reaction forces to combine assault troops and drones

Zelenskyy also announced the formation of Joint Rapid Reaction Forces, describing them as a new component of the Armed Forces designed to respond quickly to changing battlefield conditions.

According to the president, the formation will combine assault troops with drone units, artillery, and other combat capabilities into a single technologically focused force capable of rapid deployment along the front.

The president announced that Brig. Gen. Dmytro Voloshyn, commander of the 8th Air Assault Corps and who has received Ukraine's highest state honor, the Hero of Ukraine award, had been selected to lead the new Joint Rapid Reaction Forces.

Zelenskyy said Voloshyn's combat experience would help develop the new formation and strengthen the Armed Forces' operational capabilities.

The announcement follows a series of military reforms introduced during 2026 as Ukraine adapts its force structure to lessons learned over more than four years of full-scale war, including greater integration of unmanned systems into frontline operations.

Assault forces to undergo reforms

Zelenskyy said Ukraine would also reform its assault forces, acknowledging that "many questions and problems" remain, particularly regarding the treatment of personnel.

He said law enforcement agencies were already taking procedural steps while changes would also be introduced at the command level.

Recent investigations into some assault units have prompted criminal cases, internal military reviews, and wider reforms focused on training conditions, the treatment of recruits, command responsibility, and personnel management.

Donald Trump made it sound as though he had just solved Ukraine’s Patriot shortage.

At the NATO summit in Ankara on 8 July 2026, he told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy that the United States would grant Kyiv something it had sought for months.

“We’re going to give a license to you to make Patriots,” Trump told Zelenskyy. “This way, you can’t complain that we’re not giving ’em enough.”

But Trump did not actually grant the license in Ankara. CBS News reported that Lockheed Martin and RTX—which help produce the Patriot missile—had not been informed. Defense News said key terms, including which interceptor Ukraine could build, still had to be negotiated with the contractors. 

Zelenskyy left with a promise, not the right to begin producing Patriot missiles.

Even a finalized license would not deliver a single interceptor soon, two defense specialists told Euromaidan Press. 

The Patriot is the Western system that most reliably stops Russia's ballistic missiles, and Ukraine depends on the US almost exclusively for it. Russia, meanwhile, wages its most intense aerial campaign of the war. In the strikes on 6 July, Ukrainian air defenses downed none of nearly 30 ballistic missiles fired at Ukraine, according to the Ukrainian Air Force.

A Ukrainian production line could be up and running by the end of next year at the earliest. Kyiv needs Patriots today.

Worse, the specialists warned Euromaidan Press, Washington could use the license as an excuse to stop or delay deliveries. The summit also offered no strategy to defend Ukraine’s skies until production begins, let alone help Kyiv break the battlefield deadlock.

What Ankara delivered

Beyond the Patriot license, the summit’s headline item was money. Allies committed roughly €140 billion ($160 billion) in military aid to Ukraine across 2026 and 2027. Zelenskyy worked the room in an advocacy blitz and met Trump one-on-one. 

The Ankara summit’s communiqué restated the alliance’s support for Ukraine but set no path to NATO membership and named no strategy for the war.

Ukraine's ambassador to NATO, Alyona Getmanchuk, struck a more upbeat note, welcoming what allies brought to Ankara. She pointed to the two-year aid commitment, the Patriot license, and fresh funding for the Czech ammunition initiative, long-range weapons, and Ukrainian drone and missile production.

On much of the summit's ledger, she has a case. But not one item on it closes the gap the specialists keep returning to—interceptors for the Russian ballistic missiles that Ukraine can no longer reliably stop, especially because the Iran War has drained the supply.

The license might be an alibi, not a fix

Zelenskyy has pushed for a Patriot license for months. In late May he wrote to the White House and Congress asking for both more Patriots and a license to build them, and pressed the same case at the G7 in June. His letter was blunt about the dependence underneath it: on stopping ballistic missiles, "we rely almost exclusively on the United States."

Marc DeVore, a defense-industry scholar at the University of St Andrews, believes Trump’s promised license will matter—eventually. His worry is what it buys Washington now.

"The Americans can check off a box and say, 'We've solved the problem.' They may be willing to do a victory lap without actually having resolved the problem."—DeVore

UK General Richard Shirreff, NATO's former deputy supreme allied commander Europe, now chief foreign military adviser to Ukraine's commander-in-chief, echoed DeVore, saying that the Patriot pledge "lets America off the hook concerning all the complaints about not supporting Ukraine."

Shirreff sees a second motive that runs counter to the pure-alibi reading: Washington may simply not have the interceptors to hand over. 

After the US-Israeli war on Iran drained much of the world's stockpile, Shirreff said, America "doesn't have the means to provide Ukraine with Patriot now"—so the license defers deliveries partly because it can't do otherwise.

Other analysts echo DeVore and Shirreff’s assessment. 

Strategic-studies professor Phillips O'Brien argues that the license substitutes for the deliveries Ukraine needs now, and could hand Trump a reason to withhold Patriots until a Ukrainian line exists—late 2027 or 2028 at the earliest. 

DeVore shares the concern, though he stops short of calling Trump's move deliberate—a calculated deferral or just an announcement to look responsive—the result for Ukraine's skies may be the same: fewer interceptors at the most critical moment.

Why a Ukrainian Patriot is years away

But even a signed, finalized license would run into a harder limit. The Patriot is a punishingly complex machine to build, and Ukraine would start close to scratch.

Speaking to Euromaidan Press, DeVore pointed to hold-ups that are physical, not bureaucratic:

"The two big challenges in producing missiles are the engines and the guidance systems."—DeVore

The guidance is a closely-held secret, DeVore said. Even long-licensed foreign producers still rely on US subcontractors for it, so a license can leave dependence on American manufacturing intact. 

Fabian Hoffmann of the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies made the same point to the Irish Times: final assembly of the Patriot is not the bottleneck. Rather, localizing the missile’s supply chain is.

Engines are an even harder obstacle, DeVore said, and Ukraine starts at a serious disadvantage. Russia struck key parts of Ukraine’s missile industry early in the war, he noted, and engine shortages have since constrained efforts to scale Ukrainian missiles such as the Neptune to mass production. Kyiv could convert an existing engine line to Patriot production, in his reading, but only by creating a shortfall in the deep-strike weapons now hitting Russian refineries and Crimea. 

In early July, DeVore asked two outside expert groups he chairs, both of which advise the UK Defence Ministry, whether Ukraine could realistically begin producing Patriots within a year. They reached the same conclusion he had: probably not. 

A year is the optimistic floor, not a timetable anyone should count on.

No strategy and a proposal that went nowhere

The €140 billion in military aid pledged to Ukraine for 2026 and 2027, meanwhile, came without a clear strategy for what it would buy or how it would help Ukraine survive the war.

While speaking with Euromaidan Press, Shirreff noted some gains in Ankara, including the renewed Article 5 pledge and the Patriot license—though the latter would take time Ukraine may not have and would do nothing to strengthen its offensive capabilities.

Yet he was more blunt about what the summit amounted to:

“It was an exercise in papering over the cracks in the increasing chasm between Europe and the United States.”—General Shirreff

The summit, Shirreff said, preserved the appearance of transatlantic unity without resolving Washington’s unreliability or Europe’s failure to develop its own strategy for defeating Russia. The failure, in his telling, is one of political will, not military capability. NATO’s leaders would rather keep Trump on side than tell him plainly what Ukraine needs.

Shirreff has long championed a concrete proposal to ease the interceptor shortage: Sky Shield. Under the plan, European NATO aircraft would patrol western and central Ukraine and shoot down Russian drones and cruise missiles where possible.

DeVore further noted that every target destroyed by a European jet is one fewer threat for Ukraine’s limited air defense systems to intercept. That would allow Kyiv to concentrate more of its scarce Patriot batteries around the capital and closer to the front, while reserving their interceptors for the ballistic missiles they are uniquely equipped to stop.

Shirreff presents Sky Shield as one defensive component of a broader strategy, not a war-winner on its own. However, Ankara, he said, did nothing to advance it. “I just don’t think it’s changed the dial whatsoever.”

The problem the summit didn't touch

Strip away the public announcement, and the missile-interception arithmetic is unforgiving for Ukraine. Only five or six countries can build interceptors capable of stopping ballistic missiles, and all of them are running short. Ukraine’s best salvation might lie in the Freya missile system it is co-developing with Germany—but even that system is not guaranteed to deliver.

Patriots are ordered years in advance. Meanwhile Russia builds ballistic missiles faster than America builds the interceptors to stop them—roughly 800 a year against about 600—and a single Iskander can take two or three Patriot interceptors to bring down.

As Trump spoke in Ankara, another overnight barrage hit Kyiv, and Ukraine again downed none of its five ballistic missiles.

DeVore's answer is broader than ballistics. Since no defense stops every missile, part of the fix is getting more interceptors and part is making Ukraine need fewer of them—and survive the ones that land.

More interceptors could mean moving Ukraine ahead in the US delivery queue, or buying Japanese, South Korean, or European alternatives. European jets patrolling Western Ukraine could take the drones and cruise missiles off Kyiv's plate. Strikes on Russian missile plants could reduce what Ukraine has to stop at all. A hardened electrical grid survives what gets through anyway.

"A good strategy would have to rely on combinations of all of them," DeVore said.

The fastest option is already underway. Ukraine has asked nearly 40 partner countries to loan interceptors from their stockpiles now, in exchange for missiles already scheduled for Ukraine later. Those borrowed interceptors could arrive long before Ukraine begins producing Patriots itself.

Ukrainian drones struck oil depots in Russia's Tver Oblast and Stavropol Krai overnight on 9 July, setting fuel tanks ablaze at both, regional officials and OSINT analysts reported. Ukraine's SBU security service confirmed the strikes, and monitors separately reported a hit on one of Russia's three largest refineries. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called the attacks part of Ukraine's "long-range sanctions plan."

Tver depot burns despite anti-drone nets

Tver Oblast head Vitaly Korolyov confirmed a fire in one reservoir of the "Tver oil depot" after what he called the repelling of a drone attack. Astra analyzed eyewitness footage and identified the burning site as the main depot of Tverneftprodukt, a subsidiary of Surgutneftegaz. The company stores and dispenses gasoline and diesel, supplying its own network of 52 filling stations and wholesale buyers across Tver Oblast.

Satellite images taken before the attack show protective nets over part of the reservoirs, Astra noted. The netting did not save the depot: at least one tank burned in its southwestern section. Monitoring channel Supernova+ also tracked the fire, and Exilenova+ published footage of thick black smoke over both struck depots.

Stavropol fire reaches the fuel tanks

In Stavropol Krai, southern Russia, Astra's initial analysis pointed to the Lukoil-Yugnefteprodukt depot in Mikhaylovsk. The outlet then refined its conclusion: the burning site is a separate, larger depot in the hamlet of Vyazniki, 1.3 km away — a major rear hub for receiving, storing, and shipping diesel and gasoline, built around a tank farm with a loading rack.

Governor Vladimir Vladimirov confirmed the strike on Vyazniki. The fire intensified by around seven in the morning and reached reservoirs holding flammable materials, he said, prompting the evacuation of residents from an adjacent street to temporary shelters.

Kirishi refinery reportedly hit

Supernova+ reported a strike on the Kirishinefteorgsintez (KINEF) refinery in Kirishi, Leningrad Oblast, citing local accounts. KINEF ranks among Russia's three largest refineries, processing 20–21 million tons of oil a year — over 6% of the country's total refining. Governor Aleksandr Drozdenko claimed air defenses downed one drone and denied casualties or damage. Russia's defense ministry claimed to have intercepted 73 drones over 11 regions and occupied Crimea overnight.

SBU and Zelenskyy confirm the depot strikes

The SBU confirmed that it hit two Russian oil infrastructure sites: the Krasnaya Zarya depot in Tver Oblast, 520 km from Ukraine's border, and the Stavropolskaya depot in Stavropol Krai, over 500 km out. Both handle gasoline and diesel. The agency called the operation part of its systematic work against the Russian oil sector, a key source of war financing.

Explore further

Russia’s refinery in Saratov, two in Tatarstan, a pumping station in Bashkortostan — one night’s oil target list

Zelenskyy confirmed the strikes. 

"Our warriors are carrying out the long-range sanctions plan in response to Russia dragging out the war and continuing its attacks," he said. 

Explore further

Three days, 21 ships: Russia’s Azov Sea fuel run to occupied Crimea is turning into a shooting gallery

He added that Ukraine's Defense Forces also hit a reserve fuel storage site about 800 km from the front, an oil loading terminal in Rostov Oblast, and the pumping station near Ufa struck a day earlier. 

"We offered Russia a way to end this war long ago, and every day it chooses to prolong it should bring the reality of war back to where it began – to Russia," Zelenskyy said.

Licence would be diplomatic coup for Kyiv but process of making munitions would likely be expensive, complex and long

• Europe live – latest updates

Donald Trump has told Volodymyr Zelenskyy that Ukraine may be allowed to manufacture Patriot missile interceptors to counter Russian ballistic attacks. It would be a diplomatic coup for Kyiv, which has been struggling to counter Moscow’s increasing missile threat.

The US president’s commitment, however, was vaguely framed, and he admitted he had not spoken to the US defence and aerospace companies Lockheed Martin and RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon) that produce the Patriot system. It also remained unclear how quickly manufacturing of the expensive and complex munitions could be stepped up.

Editor's note: This article was updated to include official information from the Canadian government.

Canada has announced a new military assistance package worth nearly $900 million for Ukraine, including ammunition, armored vehicles, and military equipment, while Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the package also includes support to strengthen the country's air defenses.

The announcement comes as Ukraine continues urging partners to accelerate military support after a series of massive Russian missile and drone attacks that have exposed critical shortages in air defense interceptors.

Strengthening Ukraine’s air defenses remains the priority 

The announcement came during a meeting between Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and Zelenskyy on the sidelines of the NATO summit in Ankara.

According to the Canadian government, the assistance includes $475 million for ammunition, nearly $400 million to build 35 Canadian-made armored vehicles, and $50 million for critical technology and engineering equipment as part of Canada's $2.8 billion military support commitment for 2026.

Speaking after the meeting, Zelenskyy said strengthening Ukraine's air defenses remains Kyiv's immediate priority.

"We are primarily focused on ensuring there is more air defense. Protecting lives is the main thing, and Russia's ballistic missiles, other missiles, and drones are terror that must be overcome together with our partners," he said.

Zelenskyy said after the meeting that part of Canada's package intended to strengthen Ukraine's air defenses is already on its way to Ukraine. Canada's official announcement did not specify air defense equipment among the package's announced components.

Air defense remains a priority

The announcement comes as Ukraine urgently seeks additional air defense systems and interceptor missiles following a series of massive Russian aerial attacks involving hundreds of drones and dozens of missiles, including ballistic missiles.

Zelenskyy said part of Canada's assistance intended to strengthen Ukraine's air defenses is already on its way to the country.

"This is medium-term assistance. By medium term, I mean over the next few months. It includes military equipment, ammunition, and other support, in addition to this vital air defense assistance," Carney said, according to a statement from the Ukrainian President’s Office.

Canada backs Ukraine's recovery and energy security

According to Novyny.LIVE, Carney also said Canada will continue supporting Ukraine's energy sector ahead of the coming winter, assist reconstruction efforts, and back Ukraine's integration into the European and global economy.

Zelenskyy added that the two sides also discussed joint energy projects involving Ukraine's state-owned oil and gas company Naftogaz.

Drone agreement under discussion

Zelenskyy said Ukraine and Canada are also preparing a bilateral Drone Deal, describing it as an agreement that goes beyond drone production.

"It is not only about drones, but about a new and effective security system, with capabilities proven in this war. It will certainly be useful," he said.

The Ukrainian president added that he and Carney discussed the current diplomatic situation and exchanged ideas on how to bring peace closer by creating what he described as a "real interest" within Russia in negotiations.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy arrived in Ankara on 7 July for the 36th NATO summit, asking allies for air-defense systems, interceptor missiles, and new drone agreements as Ukraine reels from one of the deadliest strikes on Kyiv this year. He confirmed the trip and its agenda in a post on Telegram.

The summit opens a night after Russia hit Kyiv with 68 missiles and 351 drones, killing at least 19 people, according to Ukraine's State Emergency Service. That timing has sharpened Ukraine's central demand in Ankara: Patriot systems and the PAC-3 interceptors to arm them, delivered now rather than through future tranches. Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha urged allies to release the missiles immediately, warning that delay only emboldens Moscow.

What Ukraine wants from Ankara

Zelenskyy said dozens of bilateral meetings at the summit's Defense Industry Forum, along with new drone deals and production-license agreements, are on his schedule for the first day. Kyiv also wants the summit's final declaration to name it a security contributor to the alliance, not only an aid recipient, its NATO envoy said ahead of the talks — a framing EP examined earlier this week.

Who is in Ukraine's delegation

Zelenskyy leads Ukraine's delegation. Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov, appointed in January 2026, is not among it, according to Euromaidan Press sources at the summit.

At the summit itself, Ukraine's ministerial-level representation falls to Sybiha, who joins the Ukraine-NATO Council in its foreign-minister dinner format on the evening of 7 July. Alliance defense ministers meet separately the same evening with Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, and Australia. The summit's first day is built around the NATO Defense Industry Forum — the venue for the drone and production deals Zelenskyy said he would pursue himself.

The stakes in Ankara

NATO allies are expected to confirm €70 billion ($80 billion) in military equipment, aid, and training for Ukraine in 2026, and to affirm at least an equivalent level in 2027, Reuters reports. The United States is not expected to contribute to that figure. The gathering unfolds under pressure from US President Donald Trump, who has pushed European members to take primary responsibility for the continent's defense and questioned his own commitment to the alliance.

Zelenskyy is due to hold a bilateral meeting with Trump on 8 July, the two leaders' latest attempt to move toward ending Russia's war on Ukraine.

Poland expects Ukraine to make the first move toward de-escalating the diplomatic crisis between the two countries, Prime Minister Donald Tusk said at a press conference on 4 July, Polsat News reported.

Warsaw had received conciliatory signals from current and former Ukrainian officials, he said, among them former president Viktor Yushchenko, who wrote him what Tusk called a heartfelt letter urging both sides to keep the past from governing the future.

The standoff has hardened into a mutual rupture between two wartime allies at a moment Ukraine can ill afford one. Poland is the main transit route for Western arms reaching the front and a decisive voice on Ukraine's bid to join the European Union, and Polish and Ukrainian civil-society groups, along with historians on both sides, have warned that the feud serves only Moscow.

What Tusk said

Tusk did not spell out what concrete step Warsaw wants, saying only that it would be good to hear a clear signal from Kyiv and that Ukraine was making an effort. He again called President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's decision that triggered the rupture an unfortunate one. A day earlier, on 3 July, Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski met his Ukrainian counterpart Andrii Sybiha in Warsaw, the first movement between the governments before Tusk's remarks.

How the rupture unfolded

The crisis began on 26 May, when Zelenskyy signed a decree granting the honorary title "Heroes of the UPA" to a special operations unit, the Separate Center of Special Operations "Pivnich." President Karol Nawrocki responded on 19 June by stripping Zelenskyy of the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest state honor. Zelenskyy mailed it back the next day; Warsaw confirmed the decoration's return and said it would be archived permanently. Three former Ukrainian presidents renounced their own White Eagles in protest.

The dispute over the UPA

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army is one of the most contested subjects in Polish-Ukrainian memory. In Poland it is blamed for the massacres of Polish civilians in Volhynia in 1943–1945, which Warsaw recognizes as genocide; Polish historians say UPA units attacked around 150 Polish-inhabited localities in the region in July 1943 alone. In Ukraine, the UPA is widely seen as a movement that fought both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union for national independence, and Ukrainian historians tend to frame the killings as part of a broader wartime conflict in which both sides bore responsibility.

Kyiv has shown no sign of reversing the unit's name. A June survey by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 90% of Ukrainians favor a constructive approach to the historical disputes — 57% saying each country should keep its own heroes without interference, and just 5% backing a confrontational line.

Ireland is nearing the end of an investigation into whether alumina produced at one of the country's largest industrial facilities was supplied to Russia for use in its military industry, Irish Prime Minister Micheál Martin said during a joint appearance with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 1 July.

Speaking during Zelenskyy's visit to Dublin, Martin said Irish authorities had completed fact-finding and were preparing to submit the case for review, according to ZN.UA.

"I explained to Volodymyr that we are finishing the investigation, and we have obtained all the facts regarding this issue," Martin said.

He added that Ireland "does not want to be in a situation where materials produced in Ireland are sent to support Russia's war machine."

Russian-owned refinery under scrutiny

The investigation concerns Aughinish Alumina, Europe's largest alumina refinery, located in southwest Ireland.

The refinery is not subject to EU sanctions, but it is owned by Rusal, the Russian aluminum producer founded by sanctioned oligarch Oleg Deripaska.

The issue has drawn increased attention as Ireland began its six-month presidency of the Council of the European Union on July 1.

Zelenskyy thanked the Irish government for launching the investigation, saying Russia uses alumina in its defense industry.

"We very much hope for a result that will be positive for us," he said. "And we hope it won't take months."

Zelenskyy urges stronger pressure on Russia

In a separate address marking the start of Ireland's EU Council presidency, Zelenskyy called on European countries to increase pressure on Moscow through tougher sanctions and closer defense cooperation.

He argued that Europe should target companies that continue supporting Russia's war effort and accelerate measures that make it harder for Moscow to sustain its invasion, while also deepening cooperation with Ukraine on security and defense technologies.

Ukraine's Defense Ministry has appealed to nearly 40 partner countries to urgently transfer Patriot interceptor missiles from existing stockpiles, warning that faster decisions are critical after Russia launched one of the largest air attacks of the full-scale war on 2 July.

The appeal came after Russia fired nearly 500 attack drones and 77 missiles, including 25 ballistic or hypersonic missiles, during overnight strikes across Ukraine.

According to the ministry, Ukrainian air defenses intercepted more than 90% of cruise missiles and 90% of Shahed-type attack drones, but acknowledged that defending against ballistic missiles remains a major challenge due to shortages of Patriot interceptors.

Patriot shortage remains key vulnerability

The ministry said Ukraine has taken several steps to secure additional Patriot ammunition.

It announced that Kyiv signed a record contract in April for hundreds of PAC-2 missiles with German support, though deliveries are expected only over the coming years. Ukraine has also launched its first procurement of around 100 Patriot missiles through a €1 billion EU-backed loan and has begun receiving interceptor missiles from European partners' existing stockpiles.

The ministry also said that adopting NATO's After Action Review process has more than doubled the effectiveness of Patriot systems against maneuvering Russian Iskander ballistic missiles.

Despite those improvements, officials said Ukraine urgently needs additional interceptors now.

Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov has written to almost 40 partner countries requesting the immediate transfer of Patriot missiles from existing inventories this month, with replacements to be supplied later under contracts already signed by Ukraine.

The ministry also urged partners to expand the PURL and JUMPSTART procurement mechanisms ahead of the upcoming NATO summit, arguing they are the fastest way to deliver additional missiles.

Zelenskyy criticizes delays in promised aid

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy also criticized delays in delivering previously promised military assistance, saying faster deliveries could have saved lives during Russia's latest strikes.

Speaking at the site of a Russian missile attack in Kyiv's Darnytskyi district, Zelenskyy said Ukraine lacked enough interceptor missiles to counter all 74 missiles launched during the attack.

"We need these missiles," Zelenskyy said, adding that Ukraine had already paid for some deliveries that have yet to arrive.

He cited an agreement with Norway to finance 200 interceptor missiles, saying that "not a single one" has been delivered so far.

"If partners had delivered what was promised on time, we could have saved people and homes," Zelenskyy said.

The latest appeal comes as Ukraine continues to press allies to accelerate air defense support, arguing that existing Patriot stockpiles in partner countries could immediately strengthen protection for civilians and critical infrastructure against Russia's escalating missile campaign.

Russia's army has failed to meet every target date its leadership set for seizing Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in his 29 June evening address. He put the count at 15 missed deadlines since the full-scale invasion began. He tied the repeated failures to mounting pressure on Russia, from its battlefield losses to a deepening fuel crisis at home.

Fifteen target dates, none met

Zelenskyy said Russia's political leadership stays fixated on the Donbas. He described a recurring delusion that Moscow would fully capture the region, repeated again and again.

"Russia's political leadership remains obsessed with Donbas. They have entertained this delusion – that they would fully capture Donbas – 15 times already," he said.

He then walked through the dates Moscow had set. In 2022, Russia named five: 

• 31 March
• 9 May
• 1 June
• 15 September
• 31 December

In 2023, Putin set 1 March, then pushed it to 31 December. Two more dates passed in 2024.

In 2025, the Kremlin marked three target dates: 

• 1 September
• 1 December
• 25 December

This year it has already shifted the date twice, starting at 31 March, moving to 1 September, and now landing on 31 December, Zelenskyy noted.

Explore further

Russia grinds into Ukraine’s “fortress belt” even as its advance stalls everywhere else

The cost of the next reset

Zelenskyy said another reset is likely if Russia keeps fighting. He turned the warning toward Russians not yet sent to the front.

"If Putin wants to sacrifice another million of his soldiers to keep smashing against this wall, then the million Russians who have not yet been mobilized into the Russian army and are arguing in gas lines should think about what awaits them next," he said.

He thanked the brigades holding Ukrainian positions, noting the assaults run heaviest in Donetsk Oblast.

Explore further

Russian airstrike kills police officer during civilian evacuation in Kharkiv Oblast

A war Russia can no longer keep "over there"

Zelenskyy linked the missed deadlines to Ukraine's strike campaign. He said Russia, long mocked as a gas station, now faces gasoline shortages of its own. He called the effort Ukraine's plan of long-range and mid-range sanctions, carried out with precision rather than terror, and said it makes the occupation harder to sustain.

Explore further

Russia strikes Dnipro, killing 5 and injuring 21

He opened the address with the day's attacks. Russian drones hunted civilian vehicles in Zaporizhzhia, while a strike on an enterprise in Dnipro killed people and wounded more than two dozen. Kherson, Kharkiv, Donetsk Oblast, and Sumy Oblast also came under fire. He added that Ukraine has a busy international schedule ahead and expects results from the G7 and the Coalition of the Willing.

The reaction follows previous tensions sparked by Zelenskyy's 27 May decision to confer the honorary title "named after UPA Heroes" on the Separate Center of Special Operations "Pivnich" of Ukraine's Special Operations Forces.

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) is a contested figure in Polish-Ukrainian historical memory. Ukrainian historiography presents them as anti-Soviet and anti-Nazi independence fighters. Polish historiography emphasizes UPA's association with the 1943-44 Volhynia massacres.

Pantheon fuels concerns

The controversy comes as Poland debates the political and economic consequences of Ukraine's future accession to the EU, with agriculture remaining one of the most sensitive issues in bilateral relations.

An anonymous senior Polish government official said Kyiv was ultimately damaging its own interests by fueling disputes with Poland.

"The prime minister has concerns, particularly regarding the impact of Ukrainian agriculture on our market, so there can be no ambiguity here. But Ukraine must also remember that by escalating the dispute with Poland, it is harming itself," the official said.

Agriculture shapes debate

The comments reflect growing concerns in Poland over Ukraine's role as both an important export market for Polish goods and a potential competitor within the EU single market, per Top Agrar Poland. 

Earlier, Polish MEP Elżbieta Łukacijewska said Ukraine's eventual EU membership should not threaten Polish farmers, while supporting the continuation of restrictions on Ukrainian grain imports into Poland.

The latest tensions also follow calls by Jarosław Kaczyński, leader of Poland's opposition Law and Justice (PiS) party, for Warsaw to block further rounds of Ukraine's EU accession negotiations, according to Rzeczpospolita.

"No one will ever dictate to us which heroes to honor"

On 27 June, Zelenskyy submitted a bill to Ukraine's parliament proposing the creation of the Ukrainian National Pantheon to honor prominent Ukrainians.

"No one will ever dictate to us how to live, how to speak, whom to love, whom to be grateful to, or which heroes to honor," Zelenskyy said. 

According to Polish officials, Warsaw had been informed about Ukraine's plans to establish the pantheon but was nevertheless surprised by the timing of the initiative.

Overnight on 28 June, Ukraine struck two Russian oil refineries hundreds of kilometers apart, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said. A large fire broke out at the Slavyansk plant in Krasnodar Krai, a key fuel supplier for occupied Crimea, while a second strike reached a top-five refinery near Yaroslavl, far to the north.

A "very fat target" near Crimea

The Slavyansk Oil Refinery, run by Slavyansk-EKO, sits at Slavyansk-na-Kubani, about 300 kilometers from the front. Ukraine struck it overnight, and a large fire broke out, the monitoring channel Exilenova+ reported. Locals said the storage tanks were burning, Supernova+ noted. Russia's Astra channel placed the blaze on the refinery grounds, geolocating footage shot from Shkolna Street about 1.8 kilometers away.

The refinery is one of Russia's largest independent plants, with a capacity of about 5.2 million tons of crude a year, though 2023 throughput was closer to 4.19 million. It accounts for roughly 9% of refining in Russia's Southern Federal District and holds about 74 storage tanks of varying size. Ukraine has hit it this year, most recently on 2 June, and earlier in January.

NASA's FIRMS satellite system flagged the Slavyansk fire early today local time and detected a separate possible blaze at the "Slavyanskaya" oil-stabilization and gas-treatment unit nearby, Exilenova+ reported.

A second strike near Yaroslavl

Far to the north, Ukraine reached a refinery in Yaroslavl Oblast, about 700 kilometers from the border, Zelenskyy confirmed. Monitoring channels identified it as Slavneft-YANOS, one of Russia's five largest plants, with a capacity of about 15 million tons a year, the Moscow Times reported. The plant was last struck on 22 May.

Yaroslavl's governor reported a drone threat overnight, and then a temporary closure of routes toward Moscow, and Russia's aviation regulator briefly shut the local Tunoshna airport. Officials gave no account of any damage at the plant; monitors shared only a photo of a distant smoke column above the city.

Explore further

Ukrainian missiles strike Volgograd arms plant making Iskander components

"Long-range sanctions"

Zelenskyy tied both strikes to Ukraine's wider campaign. 

"Our long-range sanctions reached two oil refineries in Russia," he wrote, marking Constitution Day. 

Each deep strike, he said, cuts the resources feeding Russia's war machine and brings another step toward peace.

Ukraine has brought home 160 military personnel from Russian captivity in a new prisoner exchange coordinated by the Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War.

The swap, carried out on orders from the President of Ukraine, is the 76th exchange since the start of the full-scale invasion. All those released had been held in Russian captivity since 2022.

“We remember everyone who is in captivity. We check every name. We must bring everyone back – both military and civilians.” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said, stressing that Ukraine continues systematic efforts to secure the release of all detainees.

Released service members from across Ukraine’s armed formations

Officials said the freed Ukrainians include members of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Guard, the State Border Guard Service, the State Special Transport Service, and other formations. They fought across key frontlines, including Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, and Kyiv regions.

Among those released are 115 defenders of Mariupol, including personnel who took part in the defense of the city and Azovstal. The group includes both soldiers and sergeants, as well as 58 officers.

The youngest freed serviceman is 26 years old, while the oldest is 66. All released personnel will undergo medical examinations, receive treatment, financial and documentary support, and rehabilitation after prolonged captivity.

Ongoing exchange efforts with international mediation

Ukrainian officials said a total of 9,606 Ukrainian military personnel and civilians have now been returned through prisoner exchanges since the start of the coordination effort.

The Coordination Headquarters thanked the United States and the United Arab Emirates for their mediation role, as well as all Ukrainian institutions involved in securing the exchange.

Work continues to secure the release of all Ukrainians still held in Russian captivity.

Signal relays in Belarus that helped Russia steer Shahed drones into Ukraine have stopped working. The equipment went dark on 22 June, days after Kyiv gave Belarusian ruler Aliaksandr Lukashenka a week to remove it, though it is unclear whether it was dismantled or simply switched off, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy told journalists, per UNIAN. 

The relays extend Russia's reach. Repeaters placed on Belarusian towers and rooftops boosted the control signal for Shaheds flying the northern route, letting them hit targets across Kyiv, Rivne, and Volyn oblasts that Russia struggles to reach from its own soil.

Some strikes on Ukrainian energy and railway sites would not have been possible without that help, Zelenskyy has said. Ukraine exposed and dismantled one such network in February, yet Russia kept adapting.

Relays went dark on 22 June

Zelenskyy said the equipment fell silent this week.

"Whether they dismantled them or not, I honestly do not know yet. But we are working on it, I am watching closely, and getting daily reports. The fact is the relays are not working today," he said.

He stopped short of claiming credit or naming a cause.

Kyiv set deadline first

The silence followed an ultimatum. On 19 June, Zelenskyy gave Lukashenka one week to strip the Russian repeaters from Belarusian border towers and warned that Ukraine would act if Belarus did not.

The relays went quiet on 22 June, before the week was up. Lukashenka had apologized to Zelenskyy earlier in June and pledged Belarus would stay out of the war, though Kyiv treats the country-level threat as unresolved.

Russia keeps shifting tactics

Even without the towers, Russia has other ways to guide its drones along the border. It has drifted signal-relay balloons from Belarus into Ukrainian airspace and fitted Shaheds with SIM cards that latch onto Belarusian, Polish, and Romanian networks when Ukraine blocks its own.

More than 24 Polish and Ukrainian civil society organizations have signed a joint open letter calling for dialogue amid historic grievances between the countries, which have already affected the current agenda, UkrInform reports. The letter addressed to the authorities of both countries calls for "responsibility, constructive dialogue, and mutual respect."

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) is a contested figure in Polish-Ukrainian historical memory. Ukrainian historiography presents UPA as anti-Soviet and anti-Nazi independence fighters. Polish historiography emphasizes UPA's association with the 1943-44 Volhynia massacres.

Letter argues divisions weaken European security

The letter argues that "any divisions, misunderstandings, and mutual accusations between our peoples play into Russia's hands," positioning civil society as a counterweight to escalating tensions at the government level between Warsaw and Kyiv.

It notes that Polish and Ukrainian civil society have, since the start of Russia's full-scale war, organized humanitarian aid, refugee reception, and support for war-affected families, children, students, veterans, and the families of fallen soldiers.

"We do not allow divisions to win where solidarity has won. Together we were strong. Together we are strong. Together we can be even stronger," the letter says.

The signatories include Fundacja "Tarcza dla Ukrainy," Fundacja "Solidarność bez Granic," the Komitet Obrony Demokracji (KOD), Fundacja Otwarty Dialog, Ciepło z Polski, Sestry.EU, Ukraine SOS, the Maidan Monitoring Information Center, and 17 other foundations and civic initiatives.

The letter remains open to additional signatories from foundations, NGOs, academic communities, youth organizations, local self-government, and public figures in both countries.

Civil society pushback joins parallel media appeal and Ukrainian polling

The civil society letter sits alongside a parallel joint appeal from Polish and Ukrainian media outlets published the same week. On 23 June 2026, editorial boards from Gazeta Wyborcza, Pisma, Espreso, ZN.UA, and the Association of Independent Regional Publishers of Ukraine (ANRVU) co-signed a joint statement urging both societies to resist political escalation, per European Pravda.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has returned Poland’s highest honor to Warsaw, with the office of Polish President Karol Nawrocki confirming that the Order of the White Eagle arrived on 22 June. It will now be placed in a sealed archive, preserved but never awarded again.

The handover turns what began as a one-sided snub into a mutual rupture between two wartime allies, and a lasting one. Poland remains Ukraine’s lifeline: Rzeszów is still the main hub for Western arms deliveries, and Warsaw helps shape Kyiv’s path toward the EU. A rift between the two serves only Moscow. Euromaidan Press traced the broader trend of anti-Ukrainian sentiment in Poland.

A Ukrainian was among the White Eagle's first recipients

The move is striking partly because Poland rarely revokes the Order of the White Eagle. Nawrocki’s chancellery acknowledged that the Order of the White Eagle still appears in state records alongside the names of Catherine II, who helped wipe Poland off the map in the 18th-century partitions; Benito Mussolini; and former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. Warsaw left the honor untouched in all three cases. Zelenskyy is the exception Nawrocki chose to make.

History adds its own irony. Among the order’s first recipients after its founding in 1705 was the Ukrainian hetman Ivan Mazepa — a detail Radio Svoboda revisited under a headline joking that history keeps laughing at Nawrocki. It wondered whether Mazepa himself might refuse the decoration today, in solidarity with the presidents now handing theirs back.

What Warsaw will do with the medal

Nawrocki’s spokesman, Rafał Leśkiewicz, said on Polsat News that the insignia and annulled certificate will be placed in the orders bureau’s deposit for permanent storage, with the dignity befitting Poland’s highest distinction. The medal itself will never be awarded to anyone else: a single retired piece, not one passed on.

The act is not yet final. The formal order still needs the countersignature of Prime Minister Donald Tusk, whose government supports Ukraine’s EU accession. Leśkiewicz played down talk of escalation, pointing to Nawrocki’s line that the move targets a cult of history, not Ukrainians, and that Russia remains the enemy of both Ukraine and a free Europe.

Ukraine's leaders give back their Polish honors

The return of awards has gone both ways. On 20 June, Ukraine’s second, third, and fifth presidents, Leonid Kuchma, Viktor Yushchenko, and Petro Poroshenko, renounced their own White Eagles. Within days, the wave had reached serving officials: Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha, Presidential Office chief Kyrylo Budanov, his deputy Ihor Zhovkva, Ukraine’s ambassador to Warsaw Vasyl Bodnar, and former Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman.

The sharpest response came from Sybiha. He warned that Kyiv would “mirror all steps, especially if those steps are unfriendly and disrespectful towards our country,” called Nawrocki a destroyer of recent progress, and said it was no coincidence that he had drawn “applause from Moscow.” Even so, Sybiha stressed that Ukraine still valued the partnership and remained open to dialogue.

Zelenskyy invokes Orbán — Nawrocki denies it

Zelenskyy argued that Nawrocki was doing what Viktor Orbán has done — stoking the memory conflict as election-season theater — and warned it would end badly.

Nawrocki rejects the reading. His office says the decision had nothing to do with Poland's internal contest, and answered Zelenskyy's 26 May decree naming a special-forces unit for the Heroes of the UPA — the insurgent army Warsaw blames for killing up to 100,000 Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia between 1943 and 1945, killings its parliament has declared a genocide.

What the rupture costs both sides

The medals are symbolic; the dependencies underneath them are not. Tusk warned the standoff was "a strategic mistake that will cost both sides: in business, geopolitically, and reputationally," and said he was working with European partners to lower the temperature.

Ukraine's western border is its lifeline for aid and trade, and Polish farmers have blocked it before, blockading the crossings for months and holding up even humanitarian convoys. Alienating Warsaw puts that artery — and the EU path that runs through it — back at risk.

Poland carries its own exposure. Warsaw has made Ukraine's reconstruction a national economic strategy, and analysts warn the feud risks turning it from a decision-maker into a petitioner, sidelined from the rebuild it has bet on and from the forums shaping Europe's security.

The row lands days before Poland hosts the Ukraine Recovery Conference in Gdańsk on 25–26 June — an event Nawrocki will not attend.

For now, the lifelines hold. Rzeszów stays open, the trains still run, and Polish and Ukrainian forensic teams continue working together on the Volhynia graves. What is left undone is the smallest thing of all — a single decree, still waiting on the countersignature of a prime minister who would rather see Kyiv reach Brussels.

At a private dinner during last week's G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains, US President Donald Trump told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy that he was impressed by Ukraine's recent battlefield results, the Financial Times reported on 23 June, citing two people briefed on closed discussions among leaders.

Trump was described as "hugely impressed and enthusiastic" about Ukraine's recent campaign of long-range strikes on targets deep inside Russia, the sources told the FT. At the summit, Trump also agreed to increase sanctions on Russian energy. Those strikes have since intensified, with attacks on military targets near Moscow and on an oil refinery on the city's outskirts, and are supported by US intelligence, which western allies have urged Washington to continue providing.

Patriot licences and weapons production

Zelenskyy said after the meeting that Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio had "responded positively to the issue of licences" for Patriot interceptor missiles "for the first time." He said all technical capabilities needed for licensed Patriot missile production already exist and that Trump's personal approval is the remaining requirement. Trump, Zelenskyy added, "plans to ask US defence companies to establish licensed production of air-defence missiles in Europe and Ukraine."

One Ukrainian official said further negotiations between Rustem Umerov, secretary of the National Security and Defense Council, and US officials would determine the details of any Patriot agreement.

Senior Ukrainian administration officials told the FT they see signs Trump is moving toward stronger support for Kyiv and may be more willing to pressure Russia to end its war. They remain sceptical about follow-through, noting his prior unfulfilled commitments, but were cautiously optimistic following the summit meetings.

Russia accuses US of abandoning mediator role

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, speaking at a Moscow foreign policy conference on 24 June, claimed the US was "seemingly stepping back from the role of an objective mediator" and had "forgotten" Trump's own statements from the previous year that had moved toward Moscow's position. Russia would, Lavrov said, "focus on achieving the goals of the [invasion] on the basis that all hopes the US could be an honest mediator collapsed long ago."

He also appeared to question the Alaska summit held between Putin and Trump last August, which ended contentiously after the parties discovered they were considerably further apart than expected. "I don't even want to suspect that Alaska, just like Europe's actions, was conceived to win time to keep arming the Kyiv regime," Lavrov claimed. "But what happened happened."

Western diplomats and people involved in back-channel efforts told the FT that Russian frustration with the US has been building since last summer. Moscow felt Trump envoy Steve Witkoff had misconstrued Russia's position ahead of the Alaska meeting; the White House denied this. The White House released a statement after Alaska in which Trump abandoned his push for an immediate ceasefire and appeared to endorse Putin's demands for a permanent settlement, but the US has since returned to its earlier position, per the FT.

NATO official: Russian lines are not impenetrable

European capitals have used the apparent shift in Trump's reading of the conflict—and in particular his acknowledgment that a Russian victory is not inevitable—to push for increased support to Kyiv. "When Ukraine is properly supplied, they can generate real operational effects," one senior NATO military official told the FT. "The Russian defensive lines are not impenetrable."

Rubio told a Senate hearing this month that Russia would not achieve the objectives it set out on day one of the invasion. "They may not even be able to militarily ever achieve the objectives they're demanding now in negotiations," he said.

The Polish-Ukrainian memory war is no longer in the past. In 2026, it has spilled into the streets of Poland and its chambers of power.

Four years ago, Poland and Ukraine’s relationship looked nothing like this. In February 2022, Poles met Ukrainian refugees at the border with food, beds, and other vital supplies; within months, Poland had taken in 1.6 million refugees, provided 318 tanks to Kyiv, and supplied Western military aid to Ukraine’s defense.

 In a March 2022 poll, 94% of Poles backed taking in Ukrainian refugees; by early 2026, the figure had fallen to 48%, with 46% opposed.

The opinion reversal has turned violent. On a Warsaw bridge in May 2026, a 16-year-old Ukrainian refugee named Artem had his skull fractured. He had fled Russian missiles in Zaporizhzhia, only to be assaulted abroad.

Weeks later, Lublin's city hall took the Ukrainian flag down. In Kielce, a Law and Justice (PiS)-dominated council canceled a bus donation to its Ukrainian sister city over a street named after Ukrainian nationalist Stepan Bandera. Pro-Ukrainian Polish activists raised the funds anyway.

These incidents come as relations strain over the Zelenskyy administration's decision to commemorate the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), an armed group that fought Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland holds the UPA responsible for killing up to 100,000 ethnic Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia between 1943 and 1945, killings that its parliament has declared genocide.

In Ukraine, the UPA is revered for resisting Soviet occupation into the 1950s; in Poland, the same fighters are remembered for massacring Poles.

On 26 May 2026, Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed Decree 440/2026 granting a special forces unit the honorary title "Heroes of the UPA." On 19 June, Polish President Karol Nawrocki responded by stripping Zelenskyy of the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest state honor. The next day, Zelenskyy returned it by post, and three former Ukrainian presidents renounced their own White Eagles in protest.

The recent memory conflict is not an aberration, nor proof of some ancient hostility between Poles and Ukrainians. It is a postponed reckoning breaking open when Kyiv and Warsaw can least afford to reopen the bloodiest parts of their shared past, even as nationalist politicians on both sides use it to their advantage.

The history behind the Polish-Ukrainian memory war

The conflict stems from a confluence of historical trends. For generations, Polish nobles ruled Galicia and Volhynia (today’s Western Ukraine and Southeastern Poland). Most Ukrainians worked the land as peasants. 

As rival nationalisms sharpened through the 19th and early 20th centuries, that hierarchy turned into open antagonism. In 1930, after rising attacks from Ukrainian nationalist groups, Warsaw launched the Pacification of Galicia—collective reprisals, mass arrests, and the closure of Ukrainian organizations. Polish nationalist narratives often elide this state repression.

World War II turned rising antagonisms into mass killing. Between 1943 and 1945, the UPA killed and expelled those it saw as standing in the way of an independent, ethnically homogeneous Ukrainian state. The victims were mostly Poles, but also Jews, Czechs, and Ukrainians who sheltered them.

 In reprisal, members of the Polish Home Army — which made up the majority of Polish resistance fighters to the Nazis — killed Ukrainians, with hundreds dying at Sahryń in March 1944.

Ukrainian scholar Tamara Zlobina did not minimize the massacres, calling the UPA's killing of tens of thousands of Polish civilians "a crime and a tragedy, regardless of what the figures are." Her objection was the hypocrisy: Poland commemorates Polish resistance fighters who killed Ukrainian civilians as freedom fighters, while treating their Ukrainian counterparts as something morally reprehensible.

The USSR's grip cooled the dispute for decades, with elites in both nations finding themselves on the same side of the Cold War. 

After communism fell, the wounds reopened. In 2016, the Polish parliament declared Volhynia a genocide, and Kyiv answered with a moratorium on exhuming Polish remains. 

A thaw came only in late 2024, when a deal lifted the ban. 

Why the dispute now draws blood

The question, then, is not simply why Ukraine honors the UPA. It is why this dispute now draws blood. Part of the answer is that the reckoning was deferred rather than resolved. For years, Polish journalist Piotr Malinowski told Euromaidan Press, Warsaw's instinct was to avoid the hardest parts of the shared past and wait for the war to end. "However, what is repressed eventually returns," he said. 

Smaller grievances piled up and gave nationalists on both sides, but particularly in Poland, useful material. In Malinowski's reading, Nawrocki "is not a reason; he's a result," while Zelenskyy's decree became the decision that "sparked the present wave of hysteria."

Polish society's reaction to the UPA decree

The uniformly negative reaction of Poland’s political class showed how deep a nerve the decree struck. Prime Minister Donald Tusk called it "disturbing," saying the move "delights Putin and shocks our allies." Bartosz Cichocki, Poland's wartime ambassador to Kyiv, returned his Ukrainian Order of Merit, and Solidarity icon Lech Wałęsa removed the Ukrainian flag pin from his lapel—the escalation that ended, on 19 June, in the revoked White Eagle.

The force of the elite backlash is striking because better-educated Poles have usually viewed Ukrainians more favorably, noted Malinowski. 

The Mieroszewski Center's 2025 poll of Poles’ attitudes toward Ukraine bears this out: 49% of Poles with higher education viewed Ukrainians positively, against 30% of those with primary or vocational education.

How the war rewired Ukrainian memory

Russia's initial invasion of Ukraine in 2014 flipped Ukrainian opinion on the UPA. In 2013, 22% of Ukrainians viewed the UPA positively, against 42% negatively; by September 2022, the numbers had reversed to 43% favorable, 8% unfavorable, according to a Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) poll. 

The UPA, long "the most controversial and divisive issue within Ukrainian national memory," Ukrainian historian Yaroslav Hrytsak told the Spectator, became after 2022 "a symbol of anti-Russian resistance."

American historian Timothy Snyder, in a recent interview with Newsweek Poland, called Zelenskyy’s decree a mistake but warned that Poland's fixation on grievance only benefits Moscow if it causes Warsaw and Kyiv to stop viewing Russia as the two capitals’ main strategic threat.

From open arms to closed borders

In the first months of Russia’s full-scale invasion, solidarity, not grievance, defined Poland’s attitude toward Ukraine. Seeing itself as a potential frontline state, Poland understood Ukraine’s defense as tied to its own survival.

Nevertheless, the first serious rupture soon appeared. On 15 November 2022, a Ukrainian missile, fired against a Russian airstrike, veered across the border and killed two men at a grain facility in the village of Przewodów. Zelenskyy disputed it—"I have no doubt that it was not our missile", even as Biden, NATO, and a later Polish investigation concluded it was Ukrainian. Kyiv never acknowledged the deaths or apologized. 

Cracks deepened the next spring. In April 2023, Polish farmers began blocking the border after duty-free Ukrainian grain depressed prices; by November, over 1,000 trucks were stuck at the frontier, according to a CSIS analysis. 

Polish nationalists began using past grievances to garner votes: in its 2023 platform, the far-right Konfederacja placed historical policy at the center of relations with Kyiv, calling a Polish-Ukrainian alliance a "pipe dream."

But by 2026, politicians who peddle historical grievance are no longer confined to the margins. Before becoming president, Nawrocki led Poland's state memory body, the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), from 2021 to 2025, a period in which critics accused him of advancing nationalist narratives.

The IPN investigates historical crimes committed against Poles from 1917 through the communist period. However, the organization also serves as Poland's main institutional vehicle for its memory politics. 

After Poland's parliament declared Volhynia a genocide in 2016, the IPN amended its mandate in 2018 to require documenting crimes committed by “Ukrainian nationalists.”

When talking to Euromaidan Press, Polish journalist Jerzy Wójcik, co-founder of the Polish-Ukrainian magazine Sestry.eu and a former Gazeta Wyborcza deputy editor-in-chief, said the IPN now acts less as an investigator of history than "a mouthpiece for the far right." 

Nawrocki ran on cutting social support for refugees. After he vetoed a broader extension that September, a compromise law tied benefits to employment. By early 2026, Polish opposition to accepting Ukrainian refugees had reached its highest level since the invasion began: 48% in favor, 46% opposed.

The violent results of the Polish-Ukrainian memory conflict

For Polish supporters of Ukraine, the biggest danger is not the argument over history itself. It is what happens when rhetoric about Bandera, Volhynia, and the UPA spills into daily life and turns ordinary Ukrainians in Poland into targets. Wójcik told Euromaidan Press that the danger is structural.

"The risk starts when 'Banderite' stops describing a man who died in 1959, and starts describing a random nineteen-year-old." — Wójcik

The evidence accumulates. Polish branches of the Drunken Cherry, a Ukrainian bar chain, have been tagged with signage branding them "zones infected with Banderism." In September 2025, Polish teenagers lured a 23-year-old Ukrainian man in Wrocław to a fake date, beat him, shaved his head, and painted Nazi symbols on his face, according to a Warsaw-based outlet. 

In May 2026, the attack on Artem on Warsaw's Świętokrzyski Bridge followed the same pattern; police detained five Polish suspects aged 15 to 18, and Warsaw's mayor publicly blamed right-wing rhetoric. Poland’s former prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki has floated deporting people for displaying "Banderite symbols." Wójcik’s fear is that, as the line between honoring Ukrainian nationalist figures and simply being Ukrainian collapses, old historical grievances will become a license to demonize Ukrainians in Poland. 

What is the memory conflict's potential strategic cost for Ukraine?

By Kyiv’s own accounting, Poland ranks among Ukraine’s top backers. Rzeszów Airport in southeastern Poland remains a primary hub for Western military aid. For now, Polish lifelines remain irreplaceable. 

The crisis also shadows Ukraine’s EU accession, though Nawrocki’s threats extend beyond his formal powers.

Karol Nawrocki said Poland would bar membership for anyone refusing to renounce the “cult of totalitarianism and violence.” 

However, the Polish president cannot block accession alone; that is the government's call, and Polish Prime Minister Tusk backs Kyiv's path. What Nawrocki does control is real: he opposes Ukraine's NATO bid and, as head of state, sets a national narrative that has turned actively hostile.

Then there are the 1.5 million Ukrainians in Poland, one of the EU’s largest Ukrainian diasporas. If they become unsafe, the Polish-Ukrainian front against Russia weakens. Wójcik offered a cautious note of realism, arguing the two nations are too intertwined to sever ties over “one decree.”

Why goodwill alone won't fix this

The work at Puźniki offers rare good news from one of the darkest chapters of the shared past. By September 2025, joint Ukrainian and Polish forensic teams had exhumed and reburied 42 Volhynia victims there, in the first such dig in a decade. 

"Forensic specialists from Ukraine and Poland work in the same pit. There are no incidents. They are reconciling faster than the politicians." — Wójcik

But goodwill alone will not fix the crisis, Wójcik argues. The Volhynia massacres have become too useful to Polish nationalists, especially for Nawrocki's PiS supporters, to look past. 

Therefore, Wójcik says, history needs to be separate from political bargaining. Polish and Ukrainian historians and exhumation teams should continue working beyond politicians' reach, and Ukraine's future in the EU should not be held hostage to a memory dispute.

Some of those in power agree. Former Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko, renouncing his own White Eagle, warned that history should not define relations, lest a Russian conquest of both countries leave Poles and Ukrainians with “a mutual textbook from Moscow.” 

Whether that separation holds depends on two things: whether Ukrainian politicians address the issue plainly, and whether Polish far-right rhetoric returns to the margins or keeps affecting Ukrainian teenagers on Warsaw bridges. 

The Volhynia massacres happened over 80 years ago. Artem, beaten on that bridge, is 16. He inherited this quarrel; he didn't make it.

Ukraine and Germany have signed an agreement to jointly develop a new air defense system focused on countering ballistic missiles, according to reporting by Interfax-Ukraine.

The initiative comes as Ukraine continues to face sustained Russian missile strikes, with ballistic systems remaining one of the most difficult threats for existing air defense networks to intercept.

German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius said the agreement was signed together with Ukrainian Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov during a meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group (Ramstein format), opening the way for joint work on a next-generation system if industry partners reach final arrangements.

Pistorius said several German defense companies are already interested in participating in the project, which he described as a potential contribution to both European and Ukrainian security.

Push to close gaps in ballistic missile defense

According to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who also addressed the Ramstein meeting, the agreement brings together Ukrainian and German technological capabilities to address that gap.

Zelenskyy said Russia continues to rely heavily on missile attacks as a central element of its war strategy, and called for stronger “anti-ballistic capabilities” within Ukraine’s air defense architecture, according to Interfax-Ukraine.

Industrial cooperation and coalition framework

The project is expected to involve defense industry cooperation on both sides, with Ukraine contributing its own military technology experience and Germany providing industrial and engineering capacity.

Zelenskyy also urged partner countries to accelerate joint development efforts, saying results should begin to materialize within the year and that stronger anti-ballistic capability is needed not only for Ukraine but for wider European security.

Ukraine and Germany expand cooperation with joint production of robotic systems

Update 21:15: Ukraine and Germany have also agreed to jointly produce “TerMIT” ground-based robotic systems in Germany as part of expanding defense-industrial cooperation between the two countries.

The agreement covers the production of thousands of TerMIT unmanned ground vehicles, which will be supplied to Ukrainian forces, according to the Ukrainian presidential office. Germany will finance the production.

The TerMIT system, developed by Ukrainian company Tencore, is a modular unmanned ground platform designed for logistics, evacuation, mine clearance, fire support, and other battlefield tasks. It is equipped with sensors, cameras, and communication systems for remote operation.

Wider Ramstein discussions continue

The announcement came during the latest meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group, co-chaired by the United Kingdom and Germany, where allied states continue to coordinate military assistance to Ukraine.

Officials said the agreement marks a step toward deeper integration of defense industries and long-term cooperation on missile defense systems.

Photographs of the burning Dormition Cathedral that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy showed US President Donald Trump at the G7 summit were probably the final push that moved Washington toward firmer support for Ukraine, according to Politico. The outlet cited three G7 officials who described the private exchange in Evian-les-Bains on 16 June.

The sight of the cathedral's golden domes in flames visibly affected Trump, one of the officials said. Russia's strike set the roof of the church—the central shrine of Kyiv's Pechersk Lavra—ablaze during a mass missile and drone assault on 15 June.

French President Emmanuel Macron, the summit host, had spent months working out how to appeal to the American leader, Politico reported. At a dinner the night before, G7 leaders tailored their case to Trump's view of the war, casting Ukraine as the side winning and Russia as the side losing.

The leaders told Trump that Zelenskyy was winning because Russian forces could not break through the front and were even losing ground, a European diplomat told the outlet. Macron, caught on a hot mic the next day, described the conversation with Zelenskyy as difficult.

The approach produced results. The G7, including the United States, agreed to expand military support for Kyiv and backed new sanctions on Russia, pledging "unwavering support" in its 17 June statement and citing Ukraine's momentum on the battlefield.

In its 17 June joint statement, the G7 agreed to send Ukraine more air defense, interceptor missiles, and long-range capabilities, and said it was ready to consider letting Ukraine produce them domestically — but the language commits only to "consider," with no timeline, system, or manufacturer named.

The summit doubled as a sanctions moment. Canada imposed new measures on 162 Russian individuals, entities, and vessels on 16 June, announced after Carney met Zelenskyy on the sidelines and condemned the Lavra strike. Britain's £210 million ($282 million) enriched-uranium deal to feed Energoatom came packaged with fresh sanctions on Russia's oil trade, pushing UK shadow-fleet designations toward 600 vessels.

Diplomats cautioned that the gains could prove fragile. A single phone call between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin could undo them, the European diplomat said, noting that the US president shifts position often.

On 26 May, Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed a decree honoring a special forces unit as "Heroes of the UPA" — the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, which fought both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in WWII. In Ukraine, the UPA is often seen as an anti-Soviet resistance movement. In Poland, it is remembered for the 1943-1945 Volhynia massacres, in which the UPA killed up to 100,000 ethnic Poles.

Within two weeks, the decree handed Poland's nationalist right a lever it had sought for years. The timing could hardly be worse. Poland is the land corridor for Western weapons, the host of some 1.5 million Ukrainian refugees, and one of the votes Kyiv needs to enter the EU. The quarrel over the decree now strains all three at once: weapons to Kyiv, Ukrainian refugees in Poland, and Ukraine's EU ambitions.

The damage is already visible where you would least expect it. Polish and Ukrainian forensic teams exhuming the Volhynia dead now keep cameras away from the graves, fearing images of the remains will be fed into Russian propaganda or AI deepfakes.

Citing Zelenskyy's decree naming a special operations unit for the "Heroes of the UPA," Polish President Karol Nawrocki announced on 29 May that he would seek to strip Zelenskyy of the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest state distinction, and put the question to the Order's Chapter. It took up the request on 8 June but broke up without deciding, leaving the dispute open.

The far-right Confederation party's Krzysztof Bosak called for blocking Ukraine's EU accession outright. Even Lech Wałęsa, the former Solidarity leader, publicly removed his Ukrainian flag pin, saying he would keep helping the Ukrainian people but would no longer support Zelenskyy.

Polish polls show strong support for President Nawrocki. Anti-Ukrainian graffiti has appeared on the walls of Drunken Cherry bars in Poland, calling them "zones infected with Banderism." The graffiti refers to Stepan Bandera, a Ukrainian nationalist whose name many Poles associate with wartime massacres. Attacks on Ukrainian youth are also rising: in May, five Polish teenagers were detained over a brutal Warsaw assault, which the city's mayor blamed on right-wing rhetoric.

On 3 June, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha urged restraint, asking Ukrainians and Poles not to "spin the flywheel of hatred."

Euromaidan Press spoke with Jerzy Wójcik, a Polish journalist and Ukraine advocate who co-founded Sestry.eu, a Polish-Ukrainian media platform for Ukrainian women, and co-organized Warmth from Poland for Kyiv, a winter 2025-2026 campaign that raised more than $2.8 million for generators after Russian strikes on Ukraine's power grid.

Wójcik discussed the shift in Polish opinion, Warsaw's pressure on Kyiv, and why joint work to identify and rebury Volhynia victims may still offer a way out, even as political pressure complicates it.

Interview edited for length and clarity.

"I don't want to let this happen: a repeat of what happened in Germany before the Second World War."

— Jerzy Wójcik

"I feel like I woke up in another country": how Polish public opinion flipped overnight

Daniel Thomas: The Polish Institute of National Remembrance, which Nawrocki led, called the killing of Belarusian civilians genocidal in 2005 but walked back that characterization in 2019. Does that flip prove your hypocrisy charge against Nawrocki and other Polish right-wing nationalists, or does it just prove that every memory institution, Ukraine's included, bends history to current politics?

Jerzy Wójcik: I think there is something wrong with all these kinds of institutions, because they cannot be completely independent from current politics. There is no such thing as neutral history.

With the Polish IPN, it's a tragedy from the beginning, because they use the institution and history itself to win political battles.

I don't like Nawrocki. I think he is a cynical guy. Still, most Polish voters chose him, so I have no choice. But I remain very critical.

I got the results of the public opinion poll yesterday, and there is such a mental rush in the internet polls: 75% or something like that support Nawrocki's decision to strip Zelenskyy of the Order of the White Eagle [the Wprost / SW Research poll showed 52.3% support; the Res Futura social media analysis showed 97.4%].

I feel like I woke up in another country. It's scary. This could have a real impact on the lives of real people.

I mean Ukrainians in Poland. There have already been so many attacks on Ukrainian boys, beaten almost to death [during this war]. And now there's Nawrocki's statement, plus the right-wing supporters of [Grzegorz] Braun and Confederation.

It could have a tangible negative impact in the real world. Nobody normal-headed in Poland wakes up thinking about Bandera.

So I think it's a very dangerous game, not in symbolic terms, but in real-life aggression. I feel like anything could go wrong at any hour.

Can you imagine a Russian operation, a false flag provocation on Polish ground, pretending they are Ukrainian or some Bandera boys? It's easy to implement now because the social and mental priming is in place.

*Confederation is a far-right Polish alliance with anti-Ukrainian currents. Braun, a far-right MEP who leads the breakaway Confederation of the Polish Crown, is known for Ukrainophobic, antisemitic, and pro-Russian rhetoric.

"There is no such thing as neutral history."

— Wójcik

"Reality will win": why Poland and Ukraine need each other more than either side admits

Thomas: You say Poland won't drop Dmowski [an interwar Polish nationalist leader] or the Holy Cross Brigade [a Polish WWII partisan unit accused of Nazi collaboration] as heroes under outside pressure. So, on what grounds can Warsaw demand Kyiv drop Bandera?

Wójcik: Reality will win. As a society and as political entities, Poland and Ukraine need each other much more than both of these guys [Zelenskyy and Nawrocki] pretend. It's all theater now.

It's in Poland's interest to help Ukraine win the war, to protect Poland. Zelenskyy and the Ukrainian politicians could underestimate this. They have other potential partners: Germany, Scandinavia, New Zealand, and Australia. But Poland is the closest neighbor. You cannot send military tools via Romania or Slovakia at the same scale.

Ukraine has its citizens living in Poland. We cannot allow relations between our countries to fracture over one symbol, one word: “Bandera.” The two governments have to find a solution.

"Behaving like smugglers": How political weaponization affects Polish-Ukrainian archaeologists exhuming Volhynia massacre victims

Thomas: Could the symbolic fight endanger practical cooperation on exhumations and identification work?

Wójcik: This is the part that should worry everyone, because the symbolism and the work are moving in opposite directions. The work is quietly winning. Look at what's already happened.

Puźniki, spring last year. At least forty-two people were exhumed and reburied at the Puźniki cemetery in September. Last autumn, Ukraine granted further exhumation permits.

Forensic specialists from Ukraine and Poland work in the same pit, and yet there are no incidents. They are reconciling faster than the politicians.

The danger isn't that the digging stops; it's that every reburial gets dragged in front of a microphone and turned into a demand, while the families want one thing: a name on the stone before they die themselves.

You can see it best in a single detail. The archaeologist running the Puźniki dig kept the press away from the site because she feared provocations. They had to hide the most healing thing happening between our two countries so nobody could turn it into a weapon.

And that's exactly where the symbolic fight does its damage: it doesn't stop the work; it forces the people doing it to behave like smugglers.

"Forensic specialists from Ukraine and Poland work in the same pit, and yet there are no incidents. They are reconciling faster than the politicians."

— Wójcik

Why linking Polish support for Ukraine to Kyiv’s rejection of Bandera risks turning into “blackmail”

Thomas: If Poland should support Ukraine for hard-security reasons regardless of history, should Kyiv avoid symbols that complicate support for Ukraine abroad?

Wójcik: I won't tell President Zelenskyy what to do, and still less the citizens of Ukraine. They're free people, in the middle of a war for their own existence, and the choice of whom they honor belongs to them. What I can do is describe the mechanics, because they work whether or not anyone likes them.

Symbols aren't decoration; they're strategy. Every hero a state puts on a pedestal is a sentence in a story other people read: a voter in Berlin, a congressman in Washington, a Pole deciding whether the man at the next desk is a guest or a threat.

Bandera on a street sign reads differently in those capitals than it reads in Kyiv. That's a fact about the world, not a verdict on Ukraine. Moscow sees it and uses it; that's simply how it is.

But elsewhere, Warsaw gets it wrong, and here I'm entirely sure which side I'm on: you cannot demand that a nation renounce its founding myths while it's bleeding, on someone else's schedule, as the price of help. The moment memory becomes a precondition, it stops being an argument and becomes blackmail. Any country with a shred of honor will dig in.

I am not telling Kyiv what to strike from its own memory. I am telling Warsaw what not to put a price on. Once you make someone else’s identity a condition, you do not weaken it. You harden it.

How the memory conflict could endanger Poland's 1.5 million Ukrainians

Thomas: Where does elite rhetoric become a real risk for Ukrainians living in Poland?

Wójcik: The moment it stops being about 1943 and starts being about the woman cleaning an office tonight. Historians arguing over the UPA? Fine, that's their job; let them fight.

The risk starts where "Banderite" stops, describing a man who died in 1959, and starts describing the nineteen-year-old in the back row. [Mateusz] Morawiecki floated the idea of deporting people for displaying Bandera symbols.

Think about how that lands on a teenager who fled a missile. She can't always tell you where the symbol ends and where she begins, and neither can the official ruling on her case.

So the line is simple: the risk appears where memory politics turns a million guests into a million suspects.

You don't even need a law for it. It's enough for the word "Ukrainian" to quietly start doing the work the word "Banderite" used to do.

"Few Ukrainians want to be told to rethink [their nation's history] while their country is under attack."

— Wójcik

Separating hands from mouths: what a realistic off-ramp looks like

Thomas: Is there a realistic off-ramp from this dispute, or is it now built into both countries' domestic politics?

Wójcik: The off-ramp exists — it's happening right now in the forensic teams' tents — but it's blocked, because both sides have found the quarrel too useful to give up.

For Nawrocki, Volhynia is both national identity and electoral politics. For some in Kyiv, the heroic story of Ukrainian nationalism has become part of wartime morale, and few Ukrainians want to be told to rethink that story while their country is under attack.

That is why goodwill alone will not solve the dispute. Neither government has much political space to back down.

The more realistic answer is to separate the issues. Let historians and forensic teams continue exhumations and reburials without political interference, and do not make Ukraine’s EU path depend on a dispute over 1943 that no summit can resolve.

The off-ramp isn't reconciliation. That word is too big and too soon. The off-ramp, for now, is separating what can be done with hands from what we quarrel over with mouths.

And further out, over a generation, the real prize: a shared founding story for a new Central Europe, where Poland and Ukraine are co-authors rather than prosecutor and defendant. Except that only becomes possible the day we stop letting the worst chapter of the shared past [Volhynia] write the next one [Polish-Ukrainian relations going forward]. Why do we let the worst chapter of [Ukraine and Poland's] shared past write the next one?

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy offered to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains, France, but Russia did not provide a clear response, Zelenskyy told journalists on 15 June, as reported by Reuters. US President Donald Trump, who met Zelenskyy at the summit on 16 June, stated that Russia "should make a deal" with Ukraine to end the war, the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) reported on 16 June.

The offer was the latest in a series of Ukrainian proposals for high-level talks that the Kremlin has rejected or ignored. Putin had dismissed Zelenskyy's 4 June open letter proposing a bilateral leader-level meeting, and Russia's non-response to the G7 offer extended that pattern into a multilateral setting backed by both the United States and Europe, ISW reported.

G7 as a proposed venue

Speaking at the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, damaged in Russia's overnight attack, Zelenskyy said the United States had agreed to invite Putin to the summit. "We sent a message about readiness to meet with Putin during the G7 summit, because Trump and Macron are there, so Europeans plus America. This is a good, I think a very good, opportunity to meet all together," he said. Ukraine transmitted the invitation through US and French channels and directly to Russian counterparts, a Ukrainian official told Reuters, but received no clear answer. The Élysée Palace did not respond to a request for comment.

"Europe and the United States reached agreement, and Russia once again demonstrated that they are not ready to talk," Zelenskyy said.

US as an alternative venue

Zelenskyy said on 15 June that he and Trump had discussed on 14 June the possibility of holding peace negotiations in the United States in a format designed to be more difficult for Putin to refuse, ISW reported. On 16 June, Zelenskyy said he wants talks with Putin held in a neutral country before the start of winter 2026–2027, naming the United States as a possible venue.

Kremlin disputes the account

Kremlin Presidential Aide Yuriy Ushakov claimed on 16 June that Russia had not received any offers to organize a Putin–Zelenskyy meeting in the United States, and said the possibility was not discussed during Putin and Trump's 14 June phone call, ISW reported. Kremlin Spokesperson Dmitry Peskov separately claimed that Zelenskyy had not invited Putin to meet on the G7 sidelines.

Ukraine has repeatedly offered to arrange high-level peace negotiations with Russian officials, including Zelenskyy's 4 June open letter to Putin proposing a head-of-state meeting, which Putin subsequently rejected, ISW reported.

Canada imposed new sanctions on 162 Russian individuals, entities, and vessels on 16 June. The move came a day after a Russian strike set fire to the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, one of Ukraine's most revered religious sites.

Prime Minister Mark Carney announced the package after meeting Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on the sidelines of the G7 summit in Évian, France. He condemned the strike on the monastery and pledged continued pressure on Moscow.

The targeted categories are familiar ones. Canada has sanctioned Russia's shadow fleet, energy revenues, defense-industrial base, and disinformation networks repeatedly since 2022. What stands out is the timing—the measures arrived at the G7 table within hours of a fire at a thousand-year-old UNESCO World Heritage site.

What Carney announced

The package covers 162 individuals, entities, and vessels. "This package will target a total of 162 individuals, entities, and vessels—all assets of the Russian war machine," Carney said, according to a readout from his office.

Canada has provided $2.8 billion in military assistance to Ukraine this year, the readout said. It has also sanctioned more than 3,400 individuals and entities and more than 600 shadow-fleet vessels.

Carney confirmed the renewal of Operation UNIFIER, the Canadian mission that trains Ukrainian soldiers. He also pointed to a planned Defence, Security, and Resilience Bank meant to provide low-cost financing for defense.

The strike that framed the meeting

Overnight on 15 June, a Russian missile and drone barrage set the Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra ablaze. The wider assault killed at least 11 people across Ukraine.

Five of the dead were rescuers in Kharkiv, struck by a second attack as they fought an earlier blaze. In Kyiv, the strikes cut power to about 140,000 households.

Zelenskyy called the attack "one of Russia's most serious crimes against Christian culture to date." The Lavra, founded in 1051, carries enhanced protection under the 1954 Hague Convention.

Russia's defense ministry claimed it had hit defense-industrial targets. It repeated Moscow's standard line that it does not deliberately strike civilian sites.

European capitals reacted along similar lines, EP noted. France's foreign minister compared the strike to bombing Notre-Dame, and EU states pushed to add Russian energy firms to a 21st sanctions package.

Pressure, and a possible meeting

Carney framed the sanctions as leverage. The measures are meant to increase pressure on Russia to negotiate, his office said.

The diplomatic track is moving even as the strikes continue. Before arriving in Évian, Zelenskyy said he had discussed with US President Donald Trump the possibility of arranging a meeting with Russian leader Vladimir Putin in the United States.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said US President Donald Trump responded "positively" to Ukraine's request for licenses to produce American air defense systems and missiles, speaking on the sidelines of the G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains on 16 June. But he warned that US output cannot meet the demand of Ukraine, Europe, and the Middle East at once, and urged European states to build their own, cheaper anti-ballistic systems.

The ask is not new. Ukraine has pressed Washington for production licenses since at least last spring, and Zelenskyy has said before that the US once promised Europe the right to manufacture Patriot missiles, then pulled the offer back. What changed in Évian is the framing. With American interceptor lines already stretched, partly by the war between the United States and Iran now in its fifteenth week, Zelenskyy is no longer only asking the US to share. He is telling Europe to build a substitute the continent can actually afford.

Licenses, and the limit of American production

"US production is not as large as our needs. We need licenses," Zelenskyy said in an online conference with Reuters. He has met repeatedly with manufacturers, he added, and knows that producing Patriot systems and missiles is hard. Whether the licenses come depends on Trump.

"Right now he was positive. And when President Trump is positive, I hope that means 'yes,'" Zelenskyy said.

That hope has been disappointed before. Washington promised the licenses and then declined to follow through when Ukraine first proposed European production years ago, by which point Germany had nearly exhausted the air defense missiles it could send.

So he turned to the alternative. "From the European side, we very much need the world to try to produce European anti-ballistic systems, strong ones and, between us, cheaper ones," he said. "Otherwise we, Europe, the Middle East will not have enough."

The meeting itself

The licenses came up in Zelenskyy's first in-person meeting with Trump in nearly four months, a behind-the-scenes encounter of the G7 summit. Zelenskyy has aslo had a bilateral meeting with French president, and the summit's roundtable with all G7 leaders, the Ukrainian and American leaders were seated on either side of Macron. The outcome of the conversation was not disclosed.

Publicly, Zelenskyy kept his stated priority narrow. "The main thing is to strengthen air defense for Ukraine and to push diplomacy so that Russia ends its war. Peace is needed," he wrote on Telegram.

Beyond weapons, Zelenskyy told G7 leaders Ukraine needs a "winter package," money for diesel, gas, and fuel to keep energy facilities running through the cold months if the war has not ended by then. Every country present would back it, he said. Before arriving, he had also discussed with Trump the possibility of organizing a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in the US.

Pressure through sanctions

Zelenskyy said every G7 participant condemned Russian strikes on civilian sites, including one on the Lavra, a major Orthodox monastery, and that the main lever against Moscow would be sanctions. Canada and the United Kingdom raised the issue, he said, with London proposing measures against the tankers of Russia's "shadow fleet." All countries would act on it, he said.

Whether any of it converts into systems on Ukrainian soil is the question Évian did not answer. Zelenskyy has called Trump "positive" before.