Two recent studies say judges are not doing enough to protect the public interest in openness.

© Kenny Holston/The New York Times

Gao Zhen, part of a brotherly duo famous for satirical artworks, was convicted of slandering one of China’s heroes after a secret one-day trial.

© Shiho Fukada for The New York Times

The Sisters of Charity of Saint Mary have hosted beachgoers in the town of Spotorno for decades. But change is coming.

© Zoonar, via Alamy