Ukraine’s state power operator finished building physical barriers around key equipment just as Russia continues targeting energy facilities nationwide.

Supervisory board member Yuriy Boyko announced Thursday that Ukrenergo has completed the first phase of passive protection construction for critical equipment at its substations, with the second phase set to finish by the first quarter of 2026.

The milestone comes as Ukraine races to physically shield its power infrastructure from relentless Russian attacks that have destroyed 70% of the country’s generating capacity since February 2022.

According to Boyko, the company has completed the first phase. It is now actively constructing the second phase, with over 80% of the second phase scheduled for completion by year’s end during a briefing at the Media Center of Ukraine in Kyiv.

Engineering protection for 20-70 hectare sites

The passive protection focuses on the most critical equipment at Ukrenergo’s massive substations spanning 20-70 hectares each. Boyko explained that it’s impossible to cover entire substations, and therefore, resources must concentrate on the most critical elements, particularly autotransformers, which the Russians actively targeted in the war’s first year.

Boyko noted that work progresses more slowly in frontline regions where air raid alerts and military risks create extended pauses.

Three levels of protection against attacks

Ukraine has developed multiple protection levels for its energy system. The first level involves gabions—wire cages filled with rocks or sandbags—and sandbags protecting 90 facilities across 21 regions from debris.

The second level uses concrete structures around Ukrenergo’s primary network, covering 22 substations and 63 autotransformers in 14 regions as of January 2025.

The third level protects against direct missile strikes. In 2023, the United States provided 20,000 tonnes of reinforcing steel through USAID, and by January 2025, third-level protection had begun at 22 sites.

Strategic push for decentralization

The protection construction aligns with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s recent directive to National Security and Defense Council Secretary Rustem Umerov to coordinate additional short and medium-range air defense procurement while increasing funding for drone manufacturers.

Ukraine’s energy strategy now emphasizes replacing large, vulnerable power plants with hundreds of smaller distributed generators. In 2024, Ukrenergo purchased 600 MW of auxiliary generation services, and almost 500 MW from new facilities will come online by 2026.

Ukraine struck multiple critical Russian targets overnight on 20–21 August, hitting a refinery in Rostov Oblast, a railway power substation in Voronezh Oblast, and a GRU base in occupied Crimea. Satellite data confirmed large fires at several sites, while occupation officials attempted to downplay the incidents.

Ukrainian drones hit refinery and bypass air defense in Rostov Oblast

Ukrainian Telegram channel Exilenova+ reported that drones struck the Novoshakhtinsk oil refinery in Rostov Oblast. According to the outlet, the facility was protected by two Pantsir and one Tor anti-air systems, which failed to prevent the attack. Local residents reported hearing around five explosions over the city. Russian news Telegram channel Astra confirmed that a fire broke out at the site following the drone strike.

GRU base and helicopter airfield in Sevastopol targeted

In Russian-occupied Crimea, Ukrainian drones struck the Russian Black Sea Fleet’s military unit #95408 in Sevastopol. Exilenova+ stated that GRU military intelligence forces are currently based there. NASA FIRMS satellite data confirmed fires at the site. Fires were also observed at the nearby Khersones airbase, which hosts Russian helicopters and drones.

Russian-installed occupation authorities claimed the explosions were part of unannounced firefighting drills conducted by the Black Sea Fleet in coordination with emergency services. Astra quoted occupation head Mikhail Razvozhayev, who urged residents to “trust only official information.” However, local social media users mocked the explanation, saying they were being treated “like fools.”

Ukrainian drones disable power substation in Voronezh Oblast

Further north, Ukraine also hit the Zhuravka railway power substation in Voronezh Oblast. Exilenova+ reported this strike, and NASA satellite data confirmed a fire at the location. Astra relayed a statement from the Russian governor, who said that more than five drones were downed over the southern districts of the oblast. He acknowledged that an energy facility had been damaged, leaving several villages without electricity and causing a number of passenger train delays.

Astra later reported that train service was restored after the incident, but highlighted that 19 trains were initially delayed due to the attack. Authorities warned that the threat of further drone strikes remained across the entire oblast.

Russia claims mass drone shoot-downs amid visible damage

Russia’s Ministry of Defense claimed that its air defenses had shot down 49 Ukrainian drones overnight. The ministry alleged that 21 drones were intercepted over Rostov Oblast, 7 over Voronezh Oblast, 4 over occupied Crimea, and the rest across other regions including Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Orel, Kursk, and Tula oblasts, as well as over the Black Sea.

Moscow adds nuclear spin as narrative deflection

Amid the fallout, Russian authorities claimed that unit #7 at the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant in Voronezh Oblast had been temporarily disconnected from the grid. TASS cited the Rosenergoatom press service, which denied any safety risks.

The claim came shortly after the regional governor’s vague reference to drone strikes on an “energy facility,” suggesting a possible attempt to introduce a nuclear angle to the story.