The justices said they will consider whether to overrule a landmark Supreme Court precedent that has limited the president’s ability to fire top officials at the agency.

© Haiyun Jiang/The New York Times

Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr., a conservative Catholic, has visited Rome for decades, often teaching or participating in academic conferences.

© Vincenzo Livieri/Reuters

The administration asked the justices to lift a lower court block on a policy requiring passports to reflect only the holder’s sex on an original birth certificate.

© Tierney L. Cross/The New York Times