Pope Leo XIV was welcomed by Daniele Franco, the president of Gemelli University Hospital in Rome, before an operation to remove a mass from his lung on Tuesday.
For a pope who appeared to have time on his side, cancer has raised questions about his longevity and brought a new urgency to his plans for the church.
Pope Leo arriving at a hospital in Rome ahead of his surgery on Tuesday. The cancer diagnosis changes the outlook for a pope whose relative youth suggested he might have decades to reign.