Union members, parents and teachers joined the demonstrations, broadening the student-led protest movement that has closed hundreds of French high schools since late September.
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez of Spain has faced rising challenges to his authority amid a migration crisis and several corruption scandals involving his inner circle.
The United Arab Emirates said it would lead the investigation, including into possible links to terrorism. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel said the attacker had undergone “Islamist radical indoctrination,” though he did not elaborate.