Ms. Zacharia spent eight minutes reading from a script, called on only three reporters and made an awkward slip-up.

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Ms. Guilfoyle was asked to quit by the White House after a string of damaging reports, including that she had asked a Republican donor to pay off a credit card.

© Byron Smith for The New York Times

Ms. Zacharia is a conservative commentator who is also an adviser to the company that runs President Trump’s social media site, Truth Social. She succeeds Karoline Leavitt.

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